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Decellularization of porcine heart valve
Decellularization of Porcine Heart Valves is the removal of cells along with antigenic cellular elements 〔Cebotari, S., Tudorache, I., Jaekel, T., Hilfiker, A., Dorfman, S., Ternes, W., Haverich, A., Lichtenberg, A. (2010). Detergent Decellularization of Heart Valves for Tissue Engineering: Toxicological Effects of Residual Detergents on Human Endothelial Cells. Artificial Organs, 34 (3):206-210.〕 by either physical or chemical decellularization of the tissue.〔Kasimir, M., Rieder, E., Seebacher, G., Silberhumer, G., Wolner, E., Weigel, G., Simon, P. (2003). Comparison of different decellularization procedures of porcine heart valves. The International journal of artificial organs, 26 (5):421-427.〕 This decellularized valve tissue provides a scaffold with the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) that can then be used for tissue engineering and valve replacement in humans inflicted with valvular disease.〔Schenke-Layland, K., Vasilevski, O., Opitz, F., Konig, K., Riemann, I., Halbhuber, K.J., Wahlers, T., Stock, U.A. (2003). Impact of decellularization of xenogeneic tissue on extracellular matrix integrity for tissue engineering of heart valves. Journal of Structural Biology, 143 (3):201-208.〕 Decellularized biological valves have potential benefit over conventional valves through decreased calcification which is thought to be immuno-inflammatory response initiated by the recipient.〔Bloch, O., Golde, P., Dohmen, P., Posner, S., Konertz, W., Erdbrugger, W. (2011). Immune Response in Patients Receiving a Bioprosthetic Heart Valve: Lack of Response with Decellularized Valves. Tissue Engineering, 17(19-20):2399-2405.〕
==Valvular disease==
Valvular disease is caused primarily by valvular lesions stemming from infections, especially rheumatic fever (Streptococceus pyogenes), which can result in either a regurgitant or stenotic valve, or both.〔Guyton, Arthur C., & John E. Hall. Medical Physiology. 11th ed. Pennsylvania, PHIL: Elsevier, 2006.〕 Regurgitation results from lesions on the valve edges or annular dilation which causes backwards-flow of the blood.〔 Stenosis results in thickened leaflets due to heavy fibrosis of the valve so blood cannot flow through normally . Stenotic valves require valve replacement however conventional valves have decreased lifespan due to an inflammatory response.〔Liao, J., Joyce, E. M., & Sacks. (2008). Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet. Biomaterials, 29(8):1065-1074.〕 Genetic predisposition for valvular disease is uncommon.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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